恩哥Python量化教室-零基礎也能學會Python

一、前言

上一篇說到如何高速拉好UI介面，並給物件取名，而後讓python可以去執行

還不會的趕快花5分鐘去學一下  【Pyqt5使用者介面開發】Python使用Qt Designer快速拉好使用者介面並讓它活起來

這邊教大家如何用python Pyqt5高速的讓你的app加上你想要的基本功能

二、為你的app加上功能

未修改前程式碼(上一篇的程式碼)

from PyQt5 import QtCore, QtGui, QtWidgets
from PyQt5.QtWidgets import QApplication, QFrame
import sys

class Ui_Form(object):
    def setupUi(self, Form):
        Form.setObjectName("Form")
        Form.resize(454, 177)
        self.pushButton_print = QtWidgets.QPushButton(Form)
        self.pushButton_print.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(170, 120, 93, 28))
        self.pushButton_print.setObjectName("pushButton_print")
        self.label_print = QtWidgets.QLabel(Form)
        self.label_print.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(20, 20, 51, 61))
        self.label_print.setObjectName("label_print")
        self.lineEdit_print = QtWidgets.QLineEdit(Form)
        self.lineEdit_print.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(80, 20, 351, 61))
        self.lineEdit_print.setObjectName("lineEdit_print")

        self.retranslateUi(Form)
        QtCore.QMetaObject.connectSlotsByName(Form)

    def retranslateUi(self, Form):
        _translate = QtCore.QCoreApplication.translate
        Form.setWindowTitle(_translate("Form", "Form"))
        self.pushButton_print.setText(_translate("Form", "點我開始"))
        self.label_print.setText(_translate("Form", "顯示："))

class MainFrame(QFrame, Ui_Form):
    def __init__(self, parent=None):
        super(MainFrame, self).__init__(parent) # 調用父類把子類對象轉為父類對象
        # 調用介面
        self.setupUi(self) 

if __name__ == '__main__':
    app = QApplication(sys.argv)
    mainFrame = MainFrame()
    mainFrame.show()
    sys.exit(app.exec_())

(1)  定義槽函數

在MainFrame class下加上自訂槽函數

class MainFrame(QFrame, Ui_Form):
    def __init__(self, parent=None):
        super(MainFrame, self).__init__(parent) # 調用父類把子類對象轉為父類對象
        # 調用介面
        self.setupUi(self) 
                
    # 自訂槽函數
    def calculation(self):
        a = 1
        b = 2
        c = a + b
        d = c * 2
        self.lineEdit_print.setText('恩哥好帥' + str(d)) # .setText方法讓文字顯示在lineEdit上

(2)  連接信號

用 .clicked.connect()來連接槽函數，其中clicked是點擊一下的意思

你也可以去找到其他事件

class MainFrame(QFrame, Ui_Form):
    def __init__(self, parent=None):
        super(MainFrame, self).__init__(parent) # 調用父類把子類對象轉為父類對象
        # 調用介面
        self.setupUi(self) 
        
        # 信號
        self.pushButton_print.clicked.connect(self.calculation) # 信號與槽連接
        
    # 自訂槽函數
    def calculation(self):
        a = 1
        b = 2
        c = a + b
        d = c * 2
        self.lineEdit_print.setText('恩哥好帥' + str(d)) # .setText方法讓文字顯示在lineEdit上

(3) 完整程式碼

from PyQt5 import QtCore, QtGui, QtWidgets
from PyQt5.QtWidgets import QApplication, QFrame
import sys

class Ui_Form(object):
    def setupUi(self, Form):
        Form.setObjectName("Form")
        Form.resize(454, 177)
        self.pushButton_print = QtWidgets.QPushButton(Form)
        self.pushButton_print.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(170, 120, 93, 28))
        self.pushButton_print.setObjectName("pushButton_print")
        self.label_print = QtWidgets.QLabel(Form)
        self.label_print.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(20, 20, 51, 61))
        self.label_print.setObjectName("label_print")
        self.lineEdit_print = QtWidgets.QLineEdit(Form)
        self.lineEdit_print.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(80, 20, 351, 61))
        self.lineEdit_print.setObjectName("lineEdit_print")

        self.retranslateUi(Form)
        QtCore.QMetaObject.connectSlotsByName(Form)

    def retranslateUi(self, Form):
        _translate = QtCore.QCoreApplication.translate
        Form.setWindowTitle(_translate("Form", "Form"))
        self.pushButton_print.setText(_translate("Form", "點我開始"))
        self.label_print.setText(_translate("Form", "顯示："))

class MainFrame(QFrame, Ui_Form):
    def __init__(self, parent=None):
        super(MainFrame, self).__init__(parent) # 調用父類把子類對象轉為父類對象
        # 調用介面
        self.setupUi(self) 
        
        # 信號
        self.pushButton_print.clicked.connect(self.calculation) # 信號與槽連接
        
    # 自訂槽函數
    def calculation(self):
        a = 1
        b = 2
        c = a + b
        d = c * 2
        self.lineEdit_print.setText('恩哥好帥' + str(d)) # .setText方法讓文字顯示在lineEdit上
            

if __name__ == '__main__':
    app = QApplication(sys.argv)
    mainFrame = MainFrame()
    mainFrame.show()
    sys.exit(app.exec_())

這樣一來執行後就可以點按紐與介面有基本互動了~

三、後記

這個範例用了三個元件label(標籤)、pushButton(按鈕)、lineEdit(編輯列)

用了lineEdit的.setText方法，趕快去說明文件找到自己想用的元件與他的方法吧!

接下來看完這篇，更有效率的寫使用者介面喔喔喔喔喔!!!!

【Pyqt5使用者介面開發】物件導向概念結合Pyqt5：更有效率管理程式碼!